There is general agreement that pregnant women and those trying to conceive should avoid consuming large amounts of caffeine. But after decades of controversy and conflicting evidence, there is consensus that certain amounts, caffeine is safe during pregnancy.
Within moderate limits, 200 mg of coffee per day, equivalent to one cup, still understandable. This recommendation is based on the results of a study published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology that showed that expectant mothers who consumed 200 mg or more of caffeine a day had twice the risk of miscarriage than those who did not consume caffeine.
Caffeine not only exposes pregnant women at risk of miscarriage. Excessive amounts of caffeine, can also cause blood vessels to constrict, which is feared will reduce blood flow to the placenta. And because it easily crosses the placenta and reach the baby (which was then digested very slowly), caffeine can directly affect the cells of the developing baby.
A study in Denmark found that the risk of stillbirth more than doubled in women who drank lots of coffee per day - eight cups or more - compared with women who did not drink coffee. Several studies show that high caffeine consumption may slightly reduce birth weight babies, but other studies show no association.
One study found an association between maternal caffeine consumption is equal to three cups of coffee per day and increased risk of having a son who was born with testes that are not reasonable. Other studies have shown that newborns whose mothers consumed more than 500 mg of caffeine per day had levels of heart rate and breathing rate is faster and spend more time awake in the first few days after birth.
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